World Smallest
What is the smallest country in the world?
What is the smallest country in the world? I want the smallest country the world in size.
Vatican City. It is Your Own country. It covers an area of about 0.5 square kilometers. Random fact: There are two popes per kilometer square at the Vatican. A potato of 0.5 square kilometers.
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The man who unlocked the World
WHEN men first to the moon, they planned with mathematical precision where they were going and how they would arrive. And they could communicate with home. But when Ferdinand Magellan five little wooden ships most of them about 70 feet [21 m] long, comparable in length to a modern semitrailer left Spain in 1519, which sailed into the unknown. And they were all alone.
Among the boldest, most courageous feats navigation of all time, Magellan travel are a monument to the Great Age of Exploration an age of courage and fear, elation and tragedy, God and Mammon. Let us, then, around 1480, when Ferdinand Magellan was born in northern Portugal, and take a look at the remarkable man who unlocked the world and their epic journey.
From Page to Fearless Mariner Court
The Magellan family are members of the nobility, and, as usual, while Ferdinand is still a young boy, as it is called in the page to the royal court. Here, in addition to obtaining an education, learn firsthand of the exploits of men like Christopher Columbus just returned from the Americas, after having sought a western sea route to the fabled Spice Islands (Indonesia). Young Ferdinand soon dreams of the day that he can hear her head hit the canvas on his face and feel the spray of unexplored oceans.
Unfortunately, in 1495 his patron, King John, is killed and the Duke Manuel, who is keen on wealth but not in the exploration, takes the throne. For some reason, does not like 15 years Manuel old, Fernando, and for years ignored their requests to go to sea. However, when Basque da Gama returned from India, laden with spices, Manuel smells great wealth. Finally, In 1505, Magellan was given permission to go to sea. Magellan launches for East Africa and India in a Portuguese fleet to help wrest control of the spice trade Arab traders. Since then, sail further east to Malacca with another military expedition.
During a skirmish in Morocco in 1513, Magellan wounded in the knee. As a result, limping through the rest of his life. Asks Manuel for an increase in their pension. Manuels But the animosity is not lessened in the least Magallanes by recent exploits, sacrifice, and value. He sent him on his way with barely enough to live in genteel poverty.
At this point low life of Magellan, is visited by an old friend, the famous navigator João de Lisboa. The two discussed ways to reach the Spice Islands by going southwest, through of a narrow passage rumored to cut through South America and then across the ocean that Balboa recently discovered when he crossed the Isthmus of Panama. They believe that the other side of this ocean lie the Spice Islands.
Magellan now aches to do what Columbus did not find a western route to the East he believes that is shorter than the eastern route. But he needs financial support. Therefore, still smarting from the heat of anger Manuels, does the same Columbus made some years before, he seeks the patronage of the King of Spain.
Spains King Will Listen?
All cards deployed, Magellan presents his arguments Spain young sovereign, Charles I, who is more interested in Magallanes western route to the Spice Islands, for this prevents illegal entry into the sea routes Portuguese. What is more, Magellan tells him that the Spice Islands may actually be in Spanish territory, not Portuguese! See the box "The Treaty of Tordesillas."
Charles convinces him. He gives Magellan five old ships to refit for the expedition, makes him captain-general of the fleet, and promises him a share in the profits of the spices brought home. Magellan began working immediately. But because King Manuel slyly attempts to sabotage the project, it takes more than one year before the fleet is finally ready for their epic journey.
"The greatest feat of navigation in the history"
20 September 1519, San Antonio, the Concepcion, the Victoria, and the largest to smallest Santiago still flagship Magellan, the Trinity, the second largest ship and the sail for South America. On December 13, come to Brazil, and under the majestic gaze of Pão de Açúcar, or Sugarloaf Mountain, they enter the beautiful bay of Rio de Janeiro for repairs and provisions. Then continue south on what is now Argentina, always ready to step, step elusive to another ocean. Meanwhile, the days get colder and icebergs appear. Finally, on March 31, 1520, Magellan decided to cold winter in the port of San Julian.
The trip took six times longer than Columbus' first Atlantic crossing and the narrow yet! Morale is as cold as the weather St. Julian's, and men, including some of the captains and officials are desperate to go home. It is no surprise when mutiny erupts. But through a Swift and decisive action by Magellan, an error occurs, and two of the ringleaders are killed.
The presence of foreign vessels in the natural harbor chop the curiosity of locals stronger and bigger. Feeling like midgets next to these giants, the visitors who land called Patagonia a Spanish word meaning "great feet "its name to this day. They point to the" sea lions calves are similar in size, and black and white geese that swim underwater fish, eating and have beaks like crows. Yes, you guessed it seals and penguins!
Polar latitudes are prone to sudden and violent storms, and before the end of the winter, the fleet suffered its first casualty the tiny Santiago. Fortunately, however, the crew are rescued from the remains of land. Thereafter, the four ships are, as some winged moths battered by incessant slavery icy winds its way south to the pound increasingly colder waters until 21 October. Through spray and sleet, all eyes are fixed on an opening to the west. El Paso? Yes! Finally, they turn and enter the strait is known more later as the Strait of Magellan! However, even this moment of triumph is tarnished. The San Antonio deliberately disappears in the maze of the strait and returned to Spain.
The three remaining ships, flanked by bleak fjords and snowcapped, stubbornly make their way through the tortuous strait. To the south are countless spots fire, possibly from the fields of India, so they call that Tierra del Fuego to the land, "Land of Fire."
Pacific ordeal
After five weeks terrible that deep into a sea so calm that the names of Magellan the Pacific. The men pray, sing hymns, and salute their conquest with their cannons. But the euphoria is short. Woe beyond what we have experienced so far ahead of them, because this is not the small sea waiting that goes on and on and on, and men are hungrier and weaker and sicker.
Antonio Pigafetta, a hardy Italian, keeps a journal. He writes: "On Wednesday, November 28, 1520, that … entered the Pacific Ocean, where he remained three months and twenty days without taking in provisions … We ate only old biscuit reduced to powder, and full of worms, and stank of land that had rats in it … and we drank water that was yellow and smelly. Also ate the ox hides …, wood sawdust, and rats that cost half a crown each, moreover, many of them would not be achieved. "Thus, as fresh trade winds fill their sails and clear water slips beneath their keel, the men are rotting from scurvy. Nineteen die by the time they reach the Marianas Islands, March 6, 1521.
But here, due to hostilities with the islanders, they manage to get just a little fresh food before sailing on. Finally, March 16, that the sight of the Philippines. Finally, all people eat well, rest and regain his health and strength.
Trailer A dream collapses
A deeply religious man, Magellan makes a lot of local people and their rulers to Catholicism. But his zeal is also his undoing. He is involved in a dispute between tribes and with only 60 men, attacks some 1,500 natives, believing crossbow, rifle, and God will ensure victory. Instead, he and several of his men are killed. Magellan is about 41. Loyal Pigafetta laments: "They killed our mirror, light, comfort and guidance of truth. A few days later, about 27 officers they had done nothing but watch from the safety of their ships are put to death by an environmental turn heads.
When Magellan died, fell into the familiar waters. Just south lay the Spice Islands and west, Malacca, where he had fought in 1511. If, as some historians think, he sailed to the Philippines after the battle of Malacca, then he did, in fact, around the world but not, of course, on a trip. He had come to the Philippines from the east and west.
Pests Disaster Homeward Run
As so few men now remain, working three ships is impossible, so they sink the Concepción and sailing to the other two vessels to their final destination, the Spice Islands. Then, having loaded with spices, the two ships separated. However, the crew of the Trinidad fight are captured and imprisoned by the Portuguese.
But the Victoria, commanded by former mutineer Juan Sebastián de Elcano, gets away. Avoid all the ports of a bar, run the risk of the Portuguese route around the Cape of Good Hope. Not stopping to food, however, is a costly strategy. Once they have arrived in Spain on September 6, 1522 three years from when they left only 18 sick, emaciated men have survived. Still, they are first circumnavigators undisputed land. And Elcano is a hero. Incredibly, the Victoria 26 tons of spices to pay for the entire expedition!
Name in the life of Magallanes
For years Magellan is denied his true place in history. Influenced by the reports of the mutinous captains, the Spanish smear his name, saying he was harsh and incompetent. The Portuguese label traitor. Sadly, his record is shattered when he died, probably destroyed by those who would expose. But thanks to the indomitable Pigafetta one of 18 circumnavigators and about 5 other members of the expedition, we have at least some record of this tragedy, some extraordinary journey.
Over time, history revised its ruling, and today the name Magellan is duly honored. A strait up his name, like the Magellanic Clouds two faint galaxies described South first time by his crew and the space probe Magellan. And, of course, is the name of the world's largest ocean in the Pacific to Magellan.
In fact, "no human journey of such importance would be until Apollo 11 landed on the Moon 447 years later," writes Richard Humble, in The Journey of Magellan. Why travel so important? First, showed that the Americas were neither part of or close to Asia, as Columbus had thought. In Secondly, at journey's end, a difference of a day of dates indicating the need for international date line. And, finally, as science writer Isaac Asimov said, proved that the earth is a sphere. Yes, in this last aspect, Magallanes demonstrated in a practical way what the Bible itself had been saying for 2250 years. (Isaiah 40:22; compare Job 26:7.) Indeed, the deeply religious man who unlocked the world would have been satisfied with that.
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