Very Hard
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DISNEY KID CLIPS MARY POPPINS VERY HARD TO FIND $18.01 |
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DISNEY KID CLIPS THE LITTLE MERMAID VERY HARD TO FIND $16.99 |
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Very Rare and Hard-To-Find Kawasaki Disc Mixer Mix Me DJ Piano Toy Hours of Fun $169.99 |
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VINTAGE RARE CLEAR BUZZ LIGHTYEAR TALKING Figure Very hard to find $20.00 |
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10 UB Funkey Very HARD TO FIND SLIGHT USED $19.99 |
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10 UB FUNKEY VERY HARD TO FIND SLIGHT USED $19.99 |
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NEW RELEASE ZHU ZHU PETS” HANK” VERY HARD TO FIND-RARE $39.95 |
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Skylanders Wham-Shell (SUPER-RARE & VERY HARD TO FIND) In Hand & Ready To Ship. $15.00 |
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10 UB FUNKEY VERY HARD TO FIND SLIGHT USED $19.99 |
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Classic Rail Rtain Set From Echo 1993 Very Hard to Find $49.99 |
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Hex Bug Nano Christmas Ornament – Red w/ Green Legs – Very hard to find!!! $9.99 |
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NEW RELEASE ZHU ZHU PETS” LUCKY” ROCKSTAR VERY HARD TO $24.95 |
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Hex Bug Nano Christmas Ornament – Green w/ Red Legs – Very hard to find!!! $9.99 |
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ZHU ZHU PETS BABIES LOT OF 8 OUTFITS – CLOTHING VERY HARD TO FIND! $18.95 |
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NEW RELEASE ZHU ZHU PETS” MERRITT” VERY HARD TO FIND $19.95 |
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VERY HARD TO FIND Goso German Woody Tin Windup Car (Pol-M) $450.00 |
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VERY HARD TO FIND Cragstan Highway Patrol Car, Tin Plate litho, friction (Pol-M) $550.00 |
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1995 MOTORIZED Bumble Ball PLANE! VERY RARE AND HARD TO FIND! $49.99 |
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JILLY PINK/WHITE ZHU ZHU HAMSTER – VERY HARD TO FIND! $12.99 |
don’t know type of soil, very hard when dry and grass will not grow there, a few weeds. how can i grow grass?
The soil (or dirt) is a little darker then sand and very grainy, but too hard to even dig with a shovel. we rented an aerator, but that didnt seem to do anything, should we till it all up and lay grass seed and straw? please help! we have the ugliest yard on the block
Yes, till the soil. If you till in a little peat moss it will help keep the ground from getting hard.
Hard Water – Is Yours Temporary or Permanent?
Although it may not be common knowledge, there can actually be a difference between the type of hard water that is supplied to homes throughout the world – water can have a ‘temporary’ or ‘permanent’ hardness. There are also common types of hard water depending on the ion (eg. magnesium or calcium) found in the water, which can cause different types of hard water stains and limescale formation.
Temporary Hardness
Temporary hardness is hardness that can be removed by boiling or by the addition of lime (calcium hydroxide). It is caused by a combination of calcium ions and bicarbonate ions in the water. By boiling the water, it promotes the formation of carbonate from the bicarbonate and will precipitate calcium carbonate (the limescale) out of solution, leaving water that is less hard after it has cooled.
When it has been heated, less carbon dioxide is able to dissolve into the water. Since there is not enough carbon dioxide around, the reaction cannot take place, and therefore the calcium carbonate will not “dissolve” as readily. Instead, the reaction is forced to re-establish equilibrium, and the solid calcium carbonate is formed. Heating water will remove hardness as long as the limescale that precipitates out is removed. After cooling, if enough time passes the water will pick up carbon dioxide from the air and the reaction will again proceed, allowing the calcium carbonate to “redissolve” in the water.
Permanent Hardness
Permanent hardness is hardness (mineral content) that cannot be removed by boiling. When this is the case, it is usually caused by the presence of calcium and magnesium sulphates and/or chlorides in the water, which become more soluble as the temperature rises. Despite the name, the hardness of the water can be easily removed using a water softener, or ion exchange column.
Hard Water Testing
If you are on a municipal water system, and would like to find out the hardness of the water to your home, the water supplier can tell you the hardness level of the water they deliver. If you have a private water supply, you can have the water tested for hardness. There are several different scales used to describe the hardness of water in different contexts.
The precise mixture of minerals dissolved in the water, together with the water’s acidity or alkalinity (pH) and temperature will determine the behaviour of the hardness, so single number on a scale does not give a full description. Descriptions of hardness correspond roughly with ranges of mineral concentrations:
Soft: 0 – 20 mg/L as calcium
Moderately soft: 20 – 40 mg/L as calcium
Slightly hard: 40 – 60 mg/L as calcium
Moderately hard: 60 – 80 mg/L as calcium
Hard: 80 – 120 mg/L as calcium
Very Hard: >120 mg/L as calcium
As a guide, 60% of the UK and 85% of the US population live in a hard water area, which can cause stubborn hard water stains on fixtures and fittings. Most water softener companies will be able to supply you with a free water testing kit. Once you’ve tested your water supply, the hardness of your water will be reported in grains per gallon, milligrams per liter (mg/l) or parts per million (ppm). One grain of hardness equals 17.1 mg/l or ppm of hardness.
About the Author
Patrick Henry BEng (Hons), is a recognised industry expert in removing hard water stains. With an honours degree in Chemical Engineering, he teaches people how to remove stubborn hard water stains and limescale using a step by step guide. He is author of the ebook “Hard Water Stain Removal Secrets Revealed”. Complete information on his popular ebook is available from his web site. And while your there, don’t forget to subscribe to his FREE report at http://www.hardwaterstainstips.com.
